MNEMONICS

  1. REST API – Mnemonic: CRUD – Represents the main HTTP methods used in RESTful APIs: Create (POST), Read (GET), Update (PUT/PATCH), and Delete (DELETE).
  2. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) – Mnemonic: VON – Represents the main components of a JSON object: Value, Object, and Array.
  3. Version Control – Mnemonic: GIT (referring to the popular version control system) – Represents the importance of using version control systems in software development, such as Git, SVN, or Mercurial.
  4. Python Data Types – Mnemonic: SILT – Represents common data types in Python: String, Integer, List, and Tuple.
  5. Python Control Structures – Mnemonic: FELW – Represents common control structures in Python: For loop, If-Else statement, While loop, and List Comprehension.
  6. YAML (Yet Another Markup Language) – Mnemonic: KIDS – Represents the key components of YAML: Key-value pairs, Indentation, Dictionaries, and Sequences (lists).
  7. Cisco DNA Center APIs – Mnemonic: CRUD – Represents the main operations performed using Cisco DNA Center APIs: Create, Read, Update, and Delete.
  8. Network Configuration – Mnemonic: NETCONF – Represents the Network Configuration Protocol, which is used for managing network devices using XML and YANG data models.
  9. Automation Tools – Mnemonic: PAA – Represents popular automation tools and libraries: Puppet, Ansible, and Chef.
  10. IoT Protocols – Mnemonic: MQTT CoAP – Represents two main IoT (Internet of Things) protocols: MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol).
  1. Storage Protocols – Mnemonic: FINS – Represents the main storage protocols: Fibre Channel (FC), iSCSI, NFS, and SMB.
  2. Fibre Channel – Mnemonic: ZPS – Represents the key elements of Fibre Channel: Zoning, Port Types (N, F, E, etc.), and SAN (Storage Area Network) topologies.
  3. VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) – Mnemonic: VTEP – Represents the VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, which is responsible for encapsulating and decapsulating VXLAN packets.
  4. ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure) – Mnemonic: SAFE – Represents the main components of Cisco ACI: Spine Switch, APIC (Application Policy Infrastructure Controller), Fabric, and Edge (Leaf) Switch.
  5. FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) – Mnemonic: EFCP – Represents the components of FCoE: Ethernet, FIP (FCoE Initialization Protocol), FC (Fibre Channel), and PFC (Priority-based Flow Control).
  6. vPC (Virtual Port Channel) – Mnemonic: DSK – Represents the components of a vPC: Domain, System Priority, and Keepalive.
  7. UCS (Unified Computing System) – Mnemonic: CFMS – Represents the main components of Cisco UCS: Chassis, Fabric Interconnect, Manager, and Service Profile.
  8. DCNM (Data Center Network Manager) – Mnemonic: LMAP – Represents the main functions of Cisco DCNM: LAN, SAN, and IP Fabric for Media.
  9. QoS (Quality of Service) in Data Centers – Mnemonic: CBWFQ – Represents the main QoS mechanism: Class-Based Weighted Fair Queueing.
  10. Multicast – Mnemonic: PIM – Represents the Protocol Independent Multicast, which is commonly used for multicast routing in data center networks.
  1. OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) – Mnemonic: All People Seem To Need Data Processing or Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away – Represents the seven-layer model of networking: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
  2. TCP/IP Model – Mnemonic: Naughty Dogs Play Fetch – Represents the four-layer model of networking: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application.
  3. Subnetting – Mnemonic: SMAC – Represents the four main elements of subnetting: Subnet Mask, Network Address, Broadcast Address, and Valid Host Range.
  4. IP Address Classes – Mnemonic: ABC (Class A, Class B, Class C) – Represents the three main IP address classes for IPv4.
  5. CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) – Mnemonic: SLASH – Represents the format of CIDR notation, which includes an IP address followed by a forward slash and the subnet mask length.
  6. IPv6 Address Types – Mnemonic: ULAG – Represents the main types of IPv6 addresses: Unicast, Link-local, Anycast, and Global.
  7. Routing Protocols – Mnemonic: RIP OSPF EIGRP – Represents the three main routing protocols covered in CCNA: RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol).
  8. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) – Mnemonic: RABCD – Represents the key elements of STP: Root Bridge, Alternate Port, Blocking Port, Designated Port, and Convergence.
  9. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) – Mnemonic: VTP – Represents the VLAN Trunking Protocol, which is used to manage VLANs across multiple switches.
  10. NAT (Network Address Translation) – Mnemonic: SPID – Represents the main types of NAT: Static NAT, Dynamic NAT, Port Address Translation (PAT), and Inside Local/Global and Outside Local/Global addresses.
  1. AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) – A security framework for managing user access and activity in a network.
  2. OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) – Mnemonic: All People Seem To Need Data Processing – Represents the seven-layer model of networking: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
  3. TCP/IP Model – Mnemonic: Naughty Dogs Play Fetch – Represents the four-layer model of networking: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application.
  4. AD (Administrative Distance) – Mnemonic: RIP EIG OSPF – Represents the default AD values for routing protocols: RIP (120), EIGRP (90), OSPF (110).
  5. FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) – Mnemonic: HGV – Represents the three common FHRPs: HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol), GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol), VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol).
  6. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) – Mnemonic: BPDU RST – Represents the key elements of STP: BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units), Root Bridge, Designated Port, Alternate Port, and Blocking Port.
  7. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) – Mnemonic: WARM – Represents the BGP path attributes: Weight, Local Preference, AS-path, and MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator).
  8. QoS (Quality of Service) – Mnemonic: BCIWFQ – Represents the main QoS mechanisms: Bandwidth, Classification, and Marking, Congestion Management (Queuing), and Congestion Avoidance (WRED), Policing and Shaping, and Link Efficiency Mechanisms (FEC, LFI, and Compression).
  9. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) – Mnemonic: LER LSR – Represents the two types of MPLS routers: LER (Label Edge Router) and LSR (Label Switch Router).
  10. IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) – Mnemonic: AHE – Represents the three main components of IPsec: AH (Authentication Header), ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload), and IKE (Internet Key Exchange).
  1. IP Addressing – Mnemonic: NASH – Represents the key components of IP addressing: Network Address, Subnet Mask, Host Address, and Broadcast Address.
  2. IPv6 Address Abbreviation – Mnemonic: LDRS – Represents the IPv6 address abbreviation rules: Leading zeros, Double colon, Remove zeros, and Shorten (compress) consecutive zeros.
  3. Wireless Standards – Mnemonic: ABGNAC – Represents the main Wi-Fi standards covered in CCNA: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax.
  4. Router Modes – Mnemonic: UGE – Represents the common command-line modes for a Cisco router: User EXEC, Privileged EXEC (enable), and Global Configuration.
  5. CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) – Mnemonic: LNIV – Represents the key information that CDP can discover: Local Interface, Neighbor’s Device ID, Neighbor’s Interface, and Platform/Vendor.
  6. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – Mnemonic: DORA – Represents the four main steps in the DHCP process: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge.
  7. Port Security – Mnemonic: MAVS – Represents the main components of port security: Maximum number of MAC addresses, Aging time, Violation mode, and Sticky MAC addresses.
  8. HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) – Mnemonic: VIP – Represents the key components of HSRP: Virtual IP address, Active router, and Standby router.
  9. ACL (Access Control List) – Mnemonic: SPAD – Represents the main types of ACLs: Standard, Extended, and Named, and the sequence in which they are processed: Source, Protocol, Action, and Destination.
  10. Troubleshooting – Mnemonic: PDI – Represents the three main steps in the troubleshooting process: Identify the problem, Determine the cause, and Implement a solution.
  1. SD-WAN – Mnemonic: VEDGE – Represents the main components of Cisco’s SD-WAN solution: vBond (orchestrator), vSmart (controller), and vEdge (router).
  2. IP SLA – Mnemonic: DIVE – Represents the key components of IP SLA (Service-Level Agreement) monitoring: Delay, Jitter, Packet loss, and Echo.
  3. QoS (Quality of Service) – Mnemonic: WRED – Represents a congestion management mechanism used to prevent network congestion: Weighted Random Early Detection.
  4. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) – Mnemonic: OPEN – Represents the four BGP message types: Open, Update, Notification, and Keepalive.
  5. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) – Mnemonic: PANTS – Represents the main components of EIGRP: Passive, Active, Neighbors, Topology table, and Successors.
  6. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) – Mnemonic: LAB DR – Represents the OSPF router types: Link-state, Area Border, and Backbone, as well as the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) roles.
  7. IPv6 Address Types – Mnemonic: ULGA – Represents the main types of IPv6 addresses: Unicast, Link-local, Global, and Anycast.
  8. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Mnemonic: BPDU – Represents the main elements of STP: Bridge Protocol Data Units, which are used for sharing information between switches.
  9. EtherChannel – Mnemonic: PAGP LACP – Represents the two main EtherChannel protocols: PAgP (Cisco’s Port Aggregation Protocol) and LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol).
  10. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) – Mnemonic: LSR LSP – Represents the main components of MPLS: Label Switch Router (LSR) and Label Switched Path (LSP).
  1. Network Design – Mnemonic: PPDIOO – Represents the six stages of the Cisco Network Design lifecycle: Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize.
  2. Network Hierarchy – Mnemonic: CAM – Represents the three-layer hierarchical model: Core, Access, and Distribution (also known as the Campus network model).
  3. Design Methodologies – Mnemonic: TAD – Represents the three design methodologies: Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Hybrid.
  4. Redundancy – Mnemonic: HSRP VRRP GLBP – Represents the main redundancy protocols for router and switch redundancy: Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP).
  5. Security – Mnemonic: AAA – Represents the three main components of network security: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
  6. IPv6 Addressing – Mnemonic: AGULA – Represents the main types of IPv6 addresses: Anycast, Global Unicast, Link-local, and Multicast.
  7. VoIP (Voice over IP) – Mnemonic: QCI – Represents the three main components of VoIP quality: Quality of Service (QoS), Compression, and Interleaving.
  8. Data Center Design – Mnemonic: FTT – Represents the main components of data center design: Fault Tolerance, Traffic Isolation, and Tiered Storage.
  9. WAN (Wide Area Network) Technologies – Mnemonic: MPLS VPN DMVPN – Represents the main WAN technologies: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN).
  10. Wireless LAN Design – Mnemonic: CAPWAP – Represents the protocol used for communication between Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) and access points: Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points.
  1. Enterprise Campus Design – Mnemonic: CADM – Represents the four main layers of the Enterprise Campus Architecture: Core, Access, Distribution, and Multilayer.
  2. Enterprise Edge – Mnemonic: EIWW – Represents the four main modules of the Enterprise Edge Architecture: E-commerce, Internet Connectivity, WAN/MAN, and Remote Access/VPN.
  3. Data Center Design – Mnemonic: FTTP – Represents the main components of data center design: Fault Tolerance, Traffic Isolation, Tiered Storage, and Performance.
  4. High Availability – Mnemonic: HSRP VRRP GLBP – Represents the main redundancy protocols for router and switch redundancy: Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP).
  5. Service Provider Design – Mnemonic: PECE – Represents the main elements of Service Provider Design: Provider Edge, Customer Edge, and Core.
  6. SAN (Storage Area Network) Design – Mnemonic: FICON iSCSI FCIP – Represents the main SAN transport protocols: Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP), Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), and Fiber Connectivity (FICON).
  7. QoS (Quality of Service) – Mnemonic: CWIN – Represents the main QoS mechanisms: Classification, Marking, Queuing, and Congestion Avoidance, Policing and Shaping, and Link Efficiency Mechanisms.
  8. IPv6 Design – Mnemonic: NAT64 DS-Lite 6RD – Represents the main IPv6 transition mechanisms: Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64), Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite), and IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6RD).
  9. Network Management – Mnemonic: FCAPS – Represents the five main areas of network management: Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security.
  10. Security Design – Mnemonic: IAAA – Represents the main components of network security design: Identification, Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
  1. Design Process – Mnemonic: PPDIOO – Represents the six stages of the Cisco Network Design lifecycle: Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize.
  2. Design Methodologies – Mnemonic: TAD – Represents the three design methodologies: Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Hybrid.
  3. Design Principles – Mnemonic: FARR – Represents the four main design principles: Flexibility, Availability, Resilience, and Redundancy.
  4. Network Architecture – Mnemonic: MODA – Represents the four main architectural models: Modular, Open, Decentralized, and Agile.
  5. Communication – Mnemonic: LACE – Represents the four main components of effective communication: Listening, Asking, Confirming, and Explaining.
  1. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) – Mnemonic: OPEN – Represents the four BGP message types: Open, Update, Notification, and Keepalive.
  2. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) – Mnemonic: LAB DR – Represents the OSPF router types: Link-state, Area Border, and Backbone, as well as the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) roles.
  3. EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) – Mnemonic: PANTS – Represents the main components of EIGRP: Passive, Active, Neighbors, Topology table, and Successors.
  4. QoS (Quality of Service) – Mnemonic: WRED – Represents a congestion management mechanism used to prevent network congestion: Weighted Random Early Detection.
  5. MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) – Mnemonic: LSR LSP – Represents the main components of MPLS: Label Switch Router (LSR) and Label Switched Path (LSP).
  6. IPv6 Address Types – Mnemonic: ULGA – Represents the main types of IPv6 addresses: Unicast, Link-local, Global, and Anycast.
  7. High Availability – Mnemonic: HSRP VRRP GLBP – Represents the main redundancy protocols for router and switch redundancy: Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP).
  8. EtherChannel – Mnemonic: PAGP LACP – Represents the two main EtherChannel protocols: PAgP (Cisco’s Port Aggregation Protocol) and LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol).
  9. Network Security – Mnemonic: AAA – Represents the three main components of network security: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
  10. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Mnemonic: BPDU – Represents the main elements of STP: Bridge Protocol Data Units, which are used for sharing information between switches.
  1. Network Design Process – Mnemonic: PPDIOO – Represents the six stages of the Cisco Network Design lifecycle: Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize.
  2. Design Methodologies – Mnemonic: TAD – Represents the three design methodologies: Top-Down, Bottom-Up, and Hybrid.
  3. Network Architecture – Mnemonic: CAM – Represents the three-layer hierarchical model: Core, Access, and Distribution (also known as the Campus network model).
  4. High Availability – Mnemonic: HSRP VRRP GLBP – Represents the main redundancy protocols for router and switch redundancy: Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP).
  5. QoS (Quality of Service) – Mnemonic: CWIN – Represents the main QoS mechanisms: Classification, Marking, Queuing, and Congestion Avoidance, Policing and Shaping, and Link Efficiency Mechanisms.
  6. IPv6 Design – Mnemonic: NAT64 DS-Lite 6RD – Represents the main IPv6 transition mechanisms: Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64), Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite), and IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6RD).
  7. Data Center Design – Mnemonic: FTTP – Represents the main components of data center design: Fault Tolerance, Traffic Isolation, Tiered Storage, and Performance.
  8. WAN (Wide Area Network) Technologies – Mnemonic: MPLS VPN DMVPN – Represents the main WAN technologies: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN).
  9. Security Design – Mnemonic: IAAA – Represents the main components of network security design: Identification, Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
  10. Network Management – Mnemonic: FCAPS – Represents the five main areas of network management: Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security.
  1. OSI Model – Mnemonic: “All People Seem To Need Data Processing” – Represents the seven layers of the OSI model: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.
  2. TCP/IP Model – Mnemonic: “A Nerdy Tennis Player” – Represents the four layers of the TCP/IP model: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access.
  3. IP Address Classes – Mnemonic: “126, 191, 223” – Represents the default ending ranges of Class A (1-126), Class B (128-191), and Class C (192-223) IP address classes.
  4. Routing Protocols – Mnemonic: “ORDE” – Represents the main routing protocols: OSPF, RIP, EIGRP, and BGP.
  5. Subnetting – Mnemonic: “128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1” – Represents the decimal weight of each bit in an 8-bit byte, which can be used for subnet calculations.
  6. VLANs – Mnemonic: “VTP” – Represents the protocol used for VLAN management across multiple switches: VLAN Trunking Protocol.
  7. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Mnemonic: “BPDU” – Represents the main elements of STP: Bridge Protocol Data Units, which are used for sharing information between switches.
  8. Network Address Translation (NAT) – Mnemonic: “SPOD” – Represents the main types of NAT: Static NAT, Port Address Translation (PAT), Overloading, and Dynamic NAT.
  9. IPv6 Address Types – Mnemonic: “GULA” – Represents the main types of IPv6 addresses: Global Unicast, Link-local, Unique Local, and Anycast.
  10. Wireless LAN (WLAN) – Mnemonic: “CWNA” – Represents the main wireless LAN components: Clients, Wireless Access Points, Network, and Authentication.
  1. Ethernet Standards – Mnemonic: “10-100-1000” – Represents the three common Ethernet speeds: 10 Mbps (10Base-T), 100 Mbps (100Base-T), and 1000 Mbps (1000Base-T).
  2. IPv4 Subnetting – Mnemonic: “SMAC” – Represents the main components of subnetting: Subnet Mask, Address, and CIDR notation.
  3. DHCP Process – Mnemonic: “DORA” – Represents the four steps of the DHCP process: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge.
  4. Access Control Lists (ACLs) – Mnemonic: “SEP” – Represents the main components of ACLs: Source, Destination, and Protocol.
  5. Network Troubleshooting – Mnemonic: “PDI” – Represents the three-step troubleshooting process: Problem identification, Data gathering and analysis, and Implementation of the solution.
  6. WAN Technologies – Mnemonic: “SML” – Represents the main types of WAN technologies: Serial, MPLS, and Leased lines.
  7. Network Device Security – Mnemonic: “AAA” – Represents the main components of network device security: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.
  8. Wireless Security – Mnemonic: “WEPW” – Represents the main types of wireless security: WEP, WPA, and WPA2.
  9. IP Routing – Mnemonic: “AD” – Represents the concept of Administrative Distance, a metric used by routers to select the best path when multiple routing protocols are in use.
  10. First Hop Redundancy Protocols – Mnemonic: “HV” – Represents the two main first-hop redundancy protocols: HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) and VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol).
  1. Cable Types – Mnemonic: “STUFF” – Represents the main cable types used in networking: Straight-through, Crossover, and Fiber.
  2. IPv4 Addressing – Mnemonic: “BIDN” – Represents the main components of IPv4 addressing: Broadcast, IP address, Default gateway, and Network.
  3. ICMP Types – Mnemonic: “RUT” – Represents the main ICMP messages: Request, Reply, and Time Exceeded.
  4. Port Numbers – Mnemonic: “FTP:21, SSH:22, TELNET:23, HTTP:80, HTTPS:443” – Represents the common port numbers for some popular protocols.
  5. Network Device Types – Mnemonic: “SLASH” – Represents the main types of network devices: Switches, Layer 3 switches, Access points, Servers, and Hubs.
  6. QoS Mechanisms – Mnemonic: “CQD” – Represents the main Quality of Service mechanisms: Classification, Queuing, and Drop policies.
  7. Network Monitoring – Mnemonic: “SNMP” – Represents the Simple Network Management Protocol, used for network monitoring and management.
  8. IP Routing Protocols – Mnemonic: “RIP OSPF EIGRP” – Represents the main interior gateway protocols: RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP.
  9. Layer 2 Technologies – Mnemonic: “VLANS” – Represents the main Layer 2 technologies: VLANs, Trunking, and Spanning Tree Protocol.
  10. Network Address Translation (NAT) – Mnemonic: “PIDD” – Represents the main types of NAT: Port Address Translation (PAT), Dynamic NAT, and Static NAT.
  1. IPv4 Subnetting – Mnemonic: “SLASH” – Represents the main components of subnetting: Subnet, Length, Address, Subnet mask, and Host.
  2. Network Devices – Mnemonic: “RASH” – Represents the main types of network devices: Routers, Access points, Switches, and Hubs.
  3. EtherChannel Protocols – Mnemonic: “PAGP LACP” – Represents the two main EtherChannel protocols: Cisco’s Port Aggregation Protocol (PAGP) and IEEE’s Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).
  4. IP Routing Protocols – Mnemonic: “BORE” – Represents the main routing protocols: BGP, OSPF, RIP, and EIGRP.
  5. VLAN Trunking – Mnemonic: “DTP” – Represents the Dynamic Trunking Protocol used for negotiating VLAN trunking between switches.
  6. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) – Mnemonic: “RSTP MSTP” – Represents the two main types of STP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP).
  7. Wireless Security – Mnemonic: “WPAW” – Represents the main types of wireless security: WPA, WPA2, and WPA3.
  8. Network Monitoring – Mnemonic: “NMS” – Represents the Network Management System, a tool for monitoring and managing network devices.
  9. IPv6 Addressing – Mnemonic: “GLUA” – Represents the main types of IPv6 addresses: Global Unicast, Link-local, Unique Local, and Anycast.
  10. Switch Security – Mnemonic: “BPDU” – Represents the main switch security feature: BPDU Guard, used to protect against unauthorized devices participating in the Spanning Tree Protocol.
  1. Packet Capture – Mnemonic: “START” – Represents the steps to start capturing packets in Wireshark: Select the interface, Toggle promiscuous mode, Apply capture filters, Record packets, and Terminate capture.
  2. Display Filters – Mnemonic: “IPUDP TCP HTTP” – Represents some of the most common display filters used in Wireshark: ip, udp, tcp, and http.
  3. Analysis Process – Mnemonic: “SIFT” – Represents the basic packet analysis process in Wireshark: Start by capturing packets, Inspect individual packets, Filter relevant traffic, and Trace the flow of communication.
  4. Wireshark Statistics – Mnemonic: “CIPES” – Represents some of the useful statistics available in Wireshark: Conversations, IO graphs, Protocol Hierarchy, Endpoint List, and Service Response Time.
  5. Troubleshooting – Mnemonic: “LARD” – Represents common issues that can be troubleshooted using Wireshark: Latency, Application issues, Retransmissions, and Dropped packets.
  1. QoS Components – Mnemonic: “CPIQ” – Represents the main components of QoS: Classification, Policing, Marking, and Queuing.
  2. Classification and Marking – Mnemonic: “DSCP CoS” – Represents the two main methods used for marking packets in QoS: Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and Class of Service (CoS).
  3. Congestion Management – Mnemonic: “WRR PQ CBWFQ” – Represents the main congestion management techniques: Weighted Round Robin (WRR), Priority Queuing (PQ), and Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ).
  4. Congestion Avoidance – Mnemonic: “RED WRED” – Represents the main congestion avoidance techniques: Random Early Detection (RED) and Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED).
  5. Traffic Shaping and Policing – Mnemonic: “TS” – Represents Traffic Shaping, a technique used to smooth out traffic patterns and enforce rate limits.
  6. Link Efficiency Mechanisms – Mnemonic: “LLQ” – Represents Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), a technique that combines CBWFQ and PQ to prioritize delay-sensitive traffic.
  1. BGP Message Types – Mnemonic: “OUKN” – Represents the four main BGP message types: Open, Update, Keepalive, and Notification.
  2. BGP Path Attributes – Mnemonic: “WON ML CO” – Represents some important BGP path attributes: Weight, Origin, Next-Hop, Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED), Local Preference, AS Path, and Communities.
  3. BGP Decision Process – Mnemonic: “WOL MAP” – Represents the steps in the BGP decision process: Weight, Local Preference, Origin, AS Path length, and MED.
  4. BGP Peering Types – Mnemonic: “EBGP iBGP” – Represents the two main types of BGP peering: External BGP (EBGP) for peering between ASes, and Internal BGP (iBGP) for peering within an AS.
  5. BGP Synchronization – Mnemonic: “IGP” – Represents the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), such as OSPF or EIGRP, which must be synchronized with BGP in some cases to avoid routing loops or black holes.
  6. BGP Route Aggregation – Mnemonic: “ASBR” – Represents the Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR), a key component for BGP route aggregation and route summarization.
  1. OSPF Packet Types – Mnemonic: “HDR LSR DBD LSU ACK” – Represents the five main OSPF packet types: Hello, Database Description (DBD), Link State Request (LSR), Link State Update (LSU), and Link State Acknowledgment (ACK).
  2. OSPF Area Types – Mnemonic: “SBNT” – Represents the four main OSPF area types: Standard, Backbone, Not-So-Stubby (NSSA), and Totally Stubby Area (TSA).
  3. OSPF Router Types – Mnemonic: “IBAD” – Represents the four main OSPF router types: Internal, Backbone, Area Border (ABR), and Autonomous System Boundary (ASBR).
  4. OSPF LSA Types – Mnemonic: “RTNET SR ASBR ASBR Sum” – Represents some important OSPF Link State Advertisement (LSA) types: Router, Network, Summary (for both networks and ASBRs), and AS-External.
  5. OSPF Network Types – Mnemonic: “BMPN” – Represents the four main OSPF network types: Broadcast, Multi-Access (MA), Point-to-Point (P2P), and Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA).
  6. OSPF Convergence Components – Mnemonic: “SPF DR/BDR” – Represents the key components of OSPF convergence: Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm and Designated Router (DR) / Backup Designated Router (BDR) election.
  1. EIGRP Packet Types – Mnemonic: “HUQA R” – Represents the five main EIGRP packet types: Hello, Update, Query, Acknowledgment (ACK), and Reply.
  2. EIGRP Tables – Mnemonic: “NAT” – Represents the three main tables used in EIGRP: Neighbor, Adjacency, and Topology.
  3. EIGRP Metrics – Mnemonic: “BDLMT” – Represents the five components of the EIGRP composite metric: Bandwidth, Delay, Load, MTU, and Reliability.
  4. EIGRP Convergence – Mnemonic: “FS” – Represents Feasible Successor (FS), a key concept in EIGRP’s convergence process.
  5. EIGRP Route Selection – Mnemonic: “FD AD” – Represents the two main route selection values in EIGRP: Feasible Distance (FD) and Advertised Distance (AD).
  6. EIGRP Authentication – Mnemonic: “MD5” – Represents the primary authentication method used in EIGRP: Message Digest 5 (MD5).
  1. Cybersecurity Concepts – Mnemonic: “CIA TRIAD” – Represents the three main principles of information security: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
  2. Security Monitoring – Mnemonic: “FIDEL” – Represents the key aspects of security monitoring: Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Event Logs, Antivirus software, and Log analysis.
  3. Network Security Devices – Mnemonic: “FIPVN” – Represents the main network security devices: Firewalls, Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), VPN concentrators, Network Access Control (NAC), and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM).
  4. Threat Intelligence – Mnemonic: “TTP IOC” – Represents key elements of threat intelligence: Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP), and Indicators of Compromise (IOC).
  5. Incident Response – Mnemonic: “PICERL” – Represents the main steps of the incident response process: Preparation, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery, and Lessons Learned.
  6. Security Policies and Procedures – Mnemonic: “ACID” – Represents the core components of security policies and procedures: Acceptable Use, Change Management, Incident Response, and Data Classification.
  1. Cybersecurity Principles – Mnemonic: “CIA TRIAD” – Represents the three main principles of information security: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
  2. Authentication Factors – Mnemonic: “KPS” – Represents the three factors of authentication: Knowledge (something you know), Possession (something you have), and Inherence (something you are).
  3. Common Security Threats – Mnemonic: “PMS VIRS” – Represents common security threats: Phishing, Malware, Social engineering, Vulnerabilities, Insider threats, Ransomware, and Spyware.
  4. Access Control Models – Mnemonic: “MARD” – Represents the four main access control models: Mandatory Access Control (MAC), Access Control List (ACL), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and Discretionary Access Control (DAC).
  5. Cryptography Concepts – Mnemonic: “SASH” – Represents key concepts in cryptography: Symmetric, Asymmetric, Steganography, and Hashing.
  6. Risk Management – Mnemonic: “RAIT” – Represents the core components of risk management: Risk Assessment, Risk Mitigation, Risk Transference, and Risk Acceptance.
  1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy – Mnemonic: “BE SLUMP” – Represents the main directories in the Linux filesystem: /bin, /etc, /sbin, /lib, /usr, /mnt, and /proc.
  2. File Permissions – Mnemonic: “RWX” – Represents the three types of file permissions in Linux: Read (r), Write (w), and Execute (x).
  3. Linux Process States – Mnemonic: “RISZT” – Represents the five main process states in Linux: Running, Interruptible sleep, Stopped, Zombie, and Uninterruptible sleep (Task).
  4. Linux Boot Process – Mnemonic: “BIOS GRUB LIK” – Represents the stages of the Linux boot process: BIOS, GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB), Linux kernel initialization, and Init process.
  5. Linux Text Editors – Mnemonic: “VN” – Represents the two most common text editors in Linux: Vi and Nano.
  6. Linux Commands – Mnemonic: “CD PAM” – Represents some essential Linux commands: Change Directory (cd), Print Working Directory (pwd), Add User (adduser), and Move (mv).
  1. PC Components – Mnemonic: “PMSSCDRAM” – Represents the main components of a PC: Power Supply, Motherboard, Storage Devices, System Memory (RAM), Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Display (monitor).
  2. Common Ports – Mnemonic: “FTPCSSSHRDP” – Represents some common ports used in networking: FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SSH (Secure Shell), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol), and more.
  3. Troubleshooting Methods – Mnemonic: “PEST” – Represents the main troubleshooting methods: Probe (ask questions), Establish a theory, Test the theory, and Solve the problem.
  4. Networking Concepts – Mnemonic: “OSI TCP/IP” – Represents the two main networking models: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
  5. RAID Levels – Mnemonic: “SMLJ” – Represents the four main RAID levels: RAID 0 (Striping), RAID 1 (Mirroring), RAID 5 (Striping with Parity), and RAID 10 (Mirrored Striping).
  6. Common Troubleshooting Tools – Mnemonic: “PDT CMD” – Represents some common troubleshooting tools: Power supply tester, Digital multimeter, Toner probe, Command Prompt, and more.
  1. Computer Hardware – Mnemonic: “CMPS” – Represents the main components of a computer system: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory, Power supply, and Storage.
  2. Computer Software – Mnemonic: “OSS” – Represents the main types of software: Operating System (OS), System Software, and Application Software.
  3. Troubleshooting Steps – Mnemonic: “IDSRT” – Represents the five main troubleshooting steps: Identify the problem, Document the problem, Establish a theory, Test the theory, and Resolve the problem.
  4. Network Topologies – Mnemonic: “STAR RING BUS” – Represents the main types of network topologies: Star, Ring, and Bus.
  5. Internet Services – Mnemonic: “WWRFTP” – Represents common internet services: World Wide Web (WWW), Remote File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Web-based email.
  6. Security Concepts – Mnemonic: “CIA TRIAD” – Represents the three main principles of information security: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
  1. RAID Levels – Mnemonic: “SMILK” – Represents the main RAID levels: RAID 0 (Striping), RAID 1 (Mirroring), RAID 5 (Striping with Parity), RAID 6 (Striping with Double Parity), and RAID 10 (Mirrored Striping).
  2. Virtualization Technologies – Mnemonic: “HUV” – Represents the main virtualization technologies: Hypervisor, User-mode virtualization, and Virtual Appliances.
  3. Server Administration Tools – Mnemonic: “SPCTM” – Represents some common server administration tools: System Information, Performance Monitor, Control Panel, Task Manager, and Microsoft Management Console (MMC).
  4. Server Operating Systems – Mnemonic: “WMNL” – Represents some common server operating systems: Windows Server, macOS Server, NetWare, and Linux.
  5. Server Hardware Components – Mnemonic: “MPL DR HDS” – Represents some main hardware components of a server: Memory, Processor, Local Storage, Disk Array Controller (DAC), Redundant Power Supplies, and Hard Drives.
  6. Network Protocols – Mnemonic: “TCP/IP UDP DNS DHCP” – Represents some common network protocols: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Domain Name System (DNS), and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
  1. Network Security – Mnemonic: “CIAF” – Represents the main network security principles: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, and Functionality.
  2. Vulnerability Assessment – Mnemonic: “IDRA” – Represents the four steps of vulnerability assessment: Identify, Define, Remediate, and Assess.
  3. Security Frameworks – Mnemonic: “CAPI” – Represents some common security frameworks: Cybersecurity Framework (CSF), NIST Special Publication 800-53, ISO/IEC 27001, and Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).
  4. Incident Response Process – Mnemonic: “PDCA” – Represents the four stages of incident response: Plan, Detect, Contain, and Analyze.
  5. Security Threats – Mnemonic: “MMMDS” – Represents some common security threats: Malware, Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, Social engineering, and Spoofing.
  6. Security Controls – Mnemonic: “IADM” – Represents some common security controls: Identity and Access Management (IAM), Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Application Security, and Malware Prevention.